Resource Requests

Stackable operators handle resource requests in a sligtly different manner than Kubernetes. Resource requests are defined on role or role group level. On a role level this means that by default, all workers will use the same resource requests and limits. This can be further specified on role group level (which takes priority to the role level) to apply different resources.

This is an example on how to specify CPU and memory resources using the Stackable Custom Resources:

---
apiVersion: example.stackable.tech/v1alpha1
kind: ExampleCluster
metadata:
  name: example
spec:
  workers: # role-level
    config:
      resources:
        cpu:
          min: 300m
          max: 600m
        memory:
          limit: 3Gi
    roleGroups: # role-group-level
      resources-from-role: # role-group 1
        replicas: 1
      resources-from-role-group: # role-group 2
        replicas: 1
        config:
          resources:
            cpu:
              min: 400m
              max: 800m
            memory:
              limit: 4Gi

In this case, the role group resources-from-role will inherit the resources specified on the role level, resulting in a maximum of 3Gi memory and 600m CPU resources.

The role group resources-from-role-group has a maximum of 4Gi memory and 800m CPU resources (which overrides the role CPU resources).

For Java products the actual used heap memory is lower than the specified memory limit due to other processes in the Container requiring memory to run as well. Currently, 80% of the specified memory limit is passed to the JVM.

For memory, only a limit can be specified, which will be set as memory request and limit in the container. This is to always guarantee a container the full amount memory during Kubernetes scheduling.

If no resources are configured explicitly, the operator uses the following defaults for SparkApplication resources:

job:
  config:
    resources:
      cpu:
        min: '100m'
        max: "400m"
      memory:
        limit: '512Mi'
driver:
  config:
    resources:
      cpu:
        min: '250m'
        max: "1"
      memory:
        limit: '1Gi'
executor:
  config:
    resources:
      cpu:
        min: '250m'
        max: "1"
      memory:
        limit: '1Gi'

For `SparkHistoryServer`s the following defaults are used:

nodes:
  resources:
    cpu:
      min: '250m'
      max: "1"
    memory:
      limit: '512Mi'

The default values are most likely not sufficient to run a proper cluster in production. Please adapt according to your requirements. For more details regarding Kubernetes CPU limits see: Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods.

Spark allocates a default amount of non-heap memory based on the type of job (JVM or non-JVM). This is taken into account when defining memory settings based exclusively on the resource limits, so that the "declared" value is the actual total value (i.e. including memory overhead). This may result in minor deviations from the stated resource value due to rounding differences.

It is possible to define Spark resources either directly by setting configuration properties listed under sparkConf, or by using resource limits. If both are used, then sparkConf properties take precedence. It is recommended for the sake of clarity to use either one or the other. See below for examples.

Resource examples

To illustrate resource configuration consider the use-case where resources are defined using CRD fields (which are then parsed internally to be passed to Spark as spark.conf settings).

CPU

CPU request and limit are used as defined in the custom resource resulting in the following:

CRD	spark.kubernetes.{driver/executor} cores	spark.{driver/executor} cores (rounded up)
1800m	1800m	2
100m	100m	1
1.5	1.5	2
2	2	2

spark.kubernetes.{driver,executor}.{request|limit}.cores determine the actual pod CPU request and are taken directly from the manifest as defined by the user. spark.{driver|executor}.cores} are set to the rounded(-up) value of the manifest settings. Task parallelism (the number of tasks an executor can run concurrently), is determined by spark.executor.cores.

Memory

Memory values are not rounded as is the case with CPU. Values for spark.{driver|executor}.memory} — this is the amount of memory to use for the driver process (i.e. where SparkContext is initialized) and executor processes respectively — are passed to Spark in such as a way that the overheads added by Spark are already implicitly declared: this overhead is applied using a factor of 0.1 (JVM jobs) or 0.4 (non-JVM jobs), being not less than 384MB, the minimum overhead applied by Spark. Once the overhead is applied, the effective value is the one defined by the user. This keeps the values transparent: what is defined in the CRD is what is actually provisioned for the process.

An alternative is to do define the spark.conf settings explicitly and then let Spark apply the overheads to those values.

Example

A SparkApplication defines the following resources:

  ...
  job:
    config:
      resources:
        cpu:
          min: 250m  (1)
          max: 500m  (2)
        memory:
          limit: 512Mi  (3)
  driver:
    config:
      resources:
        cpu:
          min: 200m  (4)
          max: 1200m  (5)
        memory:
          limit: 1024Mi  (6)
  executor:
    config:
      resources:
        cpu:
          min: 250m  (7)
          max: 1000m  (8)
        memory:
          limit: 1024Mi  (9)
    ...

This results in the following Pod definitions:

For the job:

spec:
  containers:
    - name: spark-submit
      resources:
        limits:
          cpu: 500m  (2)
          memory: 512Mi  (3)
        requests:
          cpu: 250m  (1)
          memory: 512Mi  (3)

For the driver:

spec:
  containers:
    - name: spark
      resources:
        limits:
          cpu: "2"  (5)
          memory: 1Gi  (6)
        requests:
          cpu: "1"  (4)
          memory: 1Gi  (6)

For each executor:

spec:
  containers:
    - name: spark
      limits:
        cpu: "1"  (7)
        memory: 1Gi (9)
      requests:
        cpu: "1" (8)
        memory: 1Gi (9)

1	CPU request (unchanged as this is the Job pod)
2	CPU limit (unchanged as this is the Job pod)
3	Memory is assigned to both request and limit values
4	CPU request, rounded up from `200m` to `1`
5	CPU limit, rounded up from `1200m` to `2`
6	Memory after reduction and re-addition of Spark overhead (so the declared value matches what is provisioned)
7	CPU request, rounded up from `250m` to `1`
8	CPU limit, unchanged after rounding: `1000m` to `1`
9	Memory after reduction and re-addition of Spark overhead (so the declared value matches what is provisioned)

The spark.conf values derived from the above can be inspected in the job Pod definition:

    ...
    --conf "spark.driver.cores=1"
    --conf "spark.driver.memory=640m"
    --conf "spark.executor.cores=1"
    --conf "spark.executor.memory=640m"
    --conf "spark.kubernetes.driver.limit.cores=1"
    --conf "spark.kubernetes.driver.request.cores=2"
    --conf "spark.kubernetes.executor.limit.cores=1"
    --conf "spark.kubernetes.executor.request.cores=1"
    --conf "spark.kubernetes.memoryOverheadFactor=0.0"
    ...

These correspond to the resources listed above for the job/driver/executor Pods, with the exception of spark.{driver|executor}.memory where indeed the Spark internal overhead of 384MB has been deducted from 1024MB.